Hibernation-Like State (Torpid State): When food is scarce or during cold weather, hummingbirds enter a state called torpor. This is a deep, hibernation-like sleep that reduces their metabolic rate, conserving energy.
Reduced Heart Rate and Breathing: During torpor, their heart rate drops dramatically from about 1,200 beats per minute to as low as 50 beats per minute. Their breathing rate also slows down significantly.
Lowered Body Temperature: Hummingbirds' body temperature can drop to near the ambient temperature, which helps minimize energy expenditure. They can become nearly as cold as their surroundings.
Energy Conservation: In torpor, a hummingbird’s body burns fat reserves rather than using energy from food. This helps them survive extended periods without eating.
Less Activity: Outside of torpor, hummingbirds are generally less active when not flying. They may perch for extended periods and stay close to their food sources.
Feeding Efficiency: When they are active, hummingbirds feed more efficiently. They have specialized long bills and tongues that allow them to consume nectar quickly, which helps them build up energy reserves for times when they are not flying.
Adaptation to Climate: In colder climates or seasons, hummingbirds may migrate or move to areas with more stable temperatures to avoid the need for torpor, adapting their behavior and location to ensure survival.